Science

Adverse Events Diagnosed within Three Days of Vaccine Administration in Dogs

“Retroactive two–year analysis with 1,427,534 dogs showing the rabies vaccine is the most problematic, small breed dogs have a higher risk, especially when given multiple vaccinations.“Premarketing safety studies, when fiscally or logistically limited in size, will remain limited in power to detect rare adverse events that may be more common among animals with particular risk factors.”

Duration of Immunity for Canine and Feline Vaccines: A Review

“Vaccination should not be considered an innocuous procedure, since vaccines may have harmful consequences to patients as well as owners, thus use those vaccines that are required, give them only as often as is necessary and vaccinate as many cats and dogs in the population as possible.”

Canine Nomograph Evaluation Improves Puppy Immunization

“Regardless of whether nomograph was done for a dam, authors support WASAVA guidelines in urging that all puppies are tested for antibody titers by 6 months to detect failure of immunization during this highest risk period. The presumption that vaccination is equivalent to immunization may lead to unfortunate, but avoidable surprises.”

Vaccine-Induced Autoimmunity in the Dog

Demonstrated “the vaccination of dogs using a routine protocol and commonly used vaccines induces autoantibodies.”

Rabies in Vaccinated Dog and Cats in the United States, 1997-2001

“Veterinarians should include rabies in the differential diagnosis for any dog or cat with clinical signs compatible with rabies regardless of vaccination history. Continued surveillance is imperative to document vaccination failure and identify trends related to vaccination failure.”

Canine Parvovirus Vaccination and Immunisation Failures: Are We Far from Disease Eradication?

“Antibody testing to determine the optimal time for vaccinations of pups and adults and homogenous coverage of dog population are the next logical steps towards achieving disease eradication or at least an improvement of the current situation.”

World Health Organization (WHO) Documents

Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Imported Dog and Cat Rabies

Human Rabies Prevention United States 2008

Predictive Factors for the Neutralizing Antibody Response 2000

WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies 2nd Report

Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC)

CDC Rabies

National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV)

NASPHV Rabies Compendium

Cited in the NASPHV Compendium Serology Section (none are peer reviewed)

Use of Serologic Testing to Assess Immune Status of Companion Animals

Rabies Specific Antibodies Measuring Surrogates of Protection Against a Fatal Disease

Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Infections

Evaluation of a New Serological Technique for Detecting Rabies Virus Antibodies Following Vaccination

American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)

AAHA Vaccine Adverse Reactions

AAHA 2022 Canine Vaccination Guidelines

AAHA 2017 Canine Vaccination Guidelines Executive Summary

AAHA 2003 Canine Vaccine Guidelines, Recommendations, and Supporting Literature

What’s missing? Post marketing surveillance and reports of adverse reactions!